Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a condition that affects individuals across the lifespan, from childhood to adulthood. While it is most commonly diagnosed in children, many people with ADHD continue to experience symptoms into adolescence and adulthood. ADHD does not discriminate by gender, race, or socioeconomic status, but the way it manifests can vary based on age, life stage, and individual factors.

Children

ADHD is often first recognized in childhood, particularly when children begin school and face challenges in academic and social settings. It is estimated that approximately 5-10% of children worldwide have ADHD, with boys being diagnosed more frequently than girls. This higher rate in boys is thought to be due to the fact that ADHD in boys tends to involve more noticeable symptoms, such as hyperactivity and impulsivity. In girls, ADHD may present more subtly, with symptoms of inattention being more predominant, which can sometimes lead to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis.

Adolescents

As children with ADHD grow into adolescence, the symptoms may evolve, and new challenges can emerge. Teenagers with ADHD may struggle with time management, organization, and academic responsibilities. They may also face difficulties in maintaining friendships and adhering to social norms. The increased pressure to perform in school and prepare for adulthood can make the symptoms of ADHD more apparent. Adolescents with untreated ADHD are also at a higher risk for engaging in risky behaviors, such as substance use or unsafe activities, due to impulsivity and difficulty regulating emotions.

Adults

Many individuals with ADHD continue to experience symptoms into adulthood, although the presentation of symptoms can change. In adulthood, the hyperactivity symptoms may decrease, but inattention, disorganization, and impulsivity often persist. Adults with ADHD may experience challenges in the workplace, including difficulty staying focused on tasks, meeting deadlines, and managing time effectively. They may also struggle with maintaining relationships, as impulsivity and forgetfulness can impact communication and social interactions. It is estimated that around 4-5% of adults globally live with ADHD, many of whom may have never been diagnosed in childhood. As awareness of ADHD in adults increases, more individuals are seeking help to understand and manage their symptoms.

Gender Differences

While ADHD is more commonly diagnosed in boys during childhood, recent research suggests that girls may experience ADHD differently. Girls are more likely to exhibit symptoms of inattention, such as difficulty focusing or completing tasks, rather than hyperactivity and impulsivity. As a result, ADHD in girls is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, which can delay treatment and lead to academic struggles and low self-esteem. Additionally, ADHD in women can be exacerbated by hormonal changes during pregnancy, menopause, or the menstrual cycle, leading to fluctuations in symptom severity.

Comorbidities

ADHD often coexists with other mental health conditions, including anxiety disorders, depression, learning disabilities, and conduct disorders. These co-occurring conditions can complicate the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD, as they may overlap or mask certain symptoms. It’s essential to conduct a comprehensive assessment to accurately identify all contributing factors and tailor the treatment plan accordingly.

At Foundations Group Behavioral Health in the Cape Cod area, we offer personalized diagnostic assessments and treatment options designed to support individuals with ADHD at all stages of life. Whether you’re a child, adolescent, or adult, we provide a range of services to help you manage symptoms and improve your quality of life.